Summary:

In many areas, the student can only learn to be an expert by imitating the day by day responses to specific situations of someone who is already an expert, or ideally, a master, and only by working closely with students in a shared situation and shared social practices can teachers pass on their passion and skill to their students. According to the Dreyfus brothers model of skill acquisition, sometimes the shared situation included community practices as part of what is learned and sometimes it will not, but in any case the actual (real) presence of the coach or master is essential. So, in general, in so far as teachers want to teach skill in particular domains and practical wisdom in life, which they certainly do, they finally run up against the limits of the technologies. Learning by apprenticeship can work only in the shared situations of the production sites of the crafts, or in the nearness of the classroom and laboratory, are limited with technologies. This essay will emphasize the level of expertise and its application in the field of learning and education.