| To better grasp the situation of ECEC around the world, it is essential to understand the circumstances in each country. In this section, we introduce basic information ranging from population size and educational investment in the country to educational systems, mainly focusing on the preschool phase. It is our humble hope that this information will be of some use to our readers who are interested in ECEC around the world. |
Updated on July 17, 2015
1. Capital: Beijing
2. Population: 1 401 587 000 (2015)
3. Official/National Language(s): Mandarin, also known as Standard Chinese or Putonghua
4. Currency: Chinese yuan (CNY), also known as Renminbi (RMB)
5. System of Education and Childcare
- Education system: Daycare center (ages 0-3), kindergarten (3-5), primary (ages 6-11), lower secondary (ages 12-14), upper secondary (ages 15-17), higher education (age 18-)
- Regulating authority: Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ministry of Education (Daycare centers are regulated by the Ministry of Health and Welfare and kindergartens are by the Ministry of Education. The collaboration between the ministries is being promoted.)
- Compulsory education: Primary (ages 6-11), lower-secondary (ages 12-14)
- 3 year old: N/A
- 4 year old: N/A
- 5 year old: N/A
- 6 year old: N/A
8. Average class size
- Primary: 38 (2012)
- Pre-primary: N/A
- Primary: 17 (2012)
Shanghai
- PISA 2012: Math-1, Reading-1, Science-1
- PISA 2012: Math-3, Reading-2, Science-2
- TIMSS 2011 (4th grade): Math-3, Science-9
- PISA 2012: Math-6, Reading-16, Science-16
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Reference
- 2. Population Division, United Nations. World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision.
http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/unpp/panel_population.htm. - 5. Unesco-IBE. World Data on Education, 7th edition 2010/2011 (2011).
http://www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Publications/WDE/2010/pdf-versions/China.pdf - MEXT (2014). "Shogaikoku-no Kyoiku Tokei (Educational Statistics of Foreign Countries)" 2014.
http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/toukei/data/syogaikoku/1352615.htm. 1.1.1.6. China - Mariko Ichimi. "Chugoku-no Youji-kyouiku -Koko Junen no Henka to Kongo (ECEC in China -Changes in these 10 Years and the Years to Come)"
http://www.blog.crn.or.jp/lab/01/03.html. - 6. OECD (2014). Education at a Glance 2014: OECD Indicators, OECD Publishing.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2014-en. Table C2.1 Enrolment rates in early childhood and primary education, by age (2005, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933118333. - 7. OECD (2014). Education at a Glance 2014: OECD Indicators, OECD Publishing.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2014-en. Table B4.1. Total public expenditure on education (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933117573. - 8. OECD (2014). Education at a Glance 2014: OECD Indicators, OECD Publishing.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2014-en. Table D2.1. Average class size, by type of institution and level of education (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933119682. - 9. OECD (2014). Education at a Glance 2014: OECD Indicators, OECD Publishing.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2014-en. Table D2.2. Ratio of students to teaching staff in educational institutions (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933119682. - 10. OECD (2013). PISA 2012 RESULTS IN FOCUS. Snapshot of performance in mathematics, reading and science. http://www.oecd.org/pisa/keyfindings/pisa-2012-results-snapshot-volume-I-ENG.pdf.
- Martin, M.O., Mullis, I.V.S., Foy, P., & Arora, A. (2012).The TIMSS 2011 International Results in Mathematics. Chestnut Hill, MA: TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center, Boston College. http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/timss2011/downloads/T11_IR_M_Chapter1.pdf, p.40.
- Martin, M.O., Mullis, I.V.S., Foy, P., & Stanco, G.M. (2012). The TIMSS 2011 International Results in Science. Chestnut Hill, MA: TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center, Boston College. http://timss.bc.edu/timss2011/downloads/T11_IR_S_Chapter1.pdf, p.38.
